Gender identity is about the gender you feel on the inside and how you express it on the outside. This is often seen in a person’s appearance and preferences, for example clothing or hobbies. It can also be seen in a person’s behaviour, for example the way they talk, the way they walk or the way they express their emotions. Gender norms, roles and expectations are part of each society, and children start to pick up these cues from an early age. To support your child with developing their gender identity, you can start by thinking about the values you want to pass on to your child about gender. You may have particular views about what it means to be a good man or good woman based on your cultural or religious values. You may have ideas about gender norms and roles, and the importance of equality between the genders. Whatever values you may have, thinking about them early can help you to identify the best ways to support your child to develop their gender identity. Some ways to support them are to:

• teach them about your values about gender, and where they can go if they have questions or need help
• give them options to make decisions about their own appearance. For example, the clothes they wear or their hairstyle
• give them options to make decisions about which sport they play, or which hobby group they join
• reassure them that you love them no matter their gender identity

Your child may have preferences that you don’t like. They may also have preferences for things not typically associated with their gender. Some of this may be experimentation, but it may also be something that your child identifies with. Giving your child opportunities to learn through experience means that sometimes you need to let them do things you don’t agree with if there are no immediate concerns about safety. It’s also important to keep in mind that people with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder can also be transgender. This is where a person identifies as a different gender to their biological sex. Even if your child is not transgender, it can be a good idea to teach your child what transgender means so that they know how they should treat transgender people. For more information about teaching your child about what transgender means, go to LGBTIQ.

Sexual identity is about who you are attracted to and want to be in a relationship with. Sometimes it is also referred to as sexual orientation, sexual attraction or sexuality. As your child grows into a young adult, they may begin to develop sexual feelings for people of the same sex, opposite sex or both. They may begin to talk about the people they have crushes on, or start staring at people they are attracted to. Or they may actively not have sexual feelings towards people of any sex. All of this is OK. Sometimes these feelings and behaviour may be experimentation, but it can also be something your child identifies with. It is important to start by thinking about the values you want to pass on to your child about sexual identity and intimate relationships. You can then support your child during this time by:

• teaching them about your values about sexual identity and intimate relationships, and where they can go if they have questions or need help
• giving them options to make decisions about who they spend time with
• talking about the different types of relationships that friends or family have, or the relationships you see on television or movies
• reassuring them that you love them no matter their sexual identity

It’s also important to keep in mind that some people with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder identify as being lesbian, gay or bisexual. Even if your child is not lesbian, gay or bisexual, it can be a good idea to teach them what those words mean so that they know how they should treat people who identify as lesbian, gay and bisexual. For more information about teaching your child about what lesbian, gay and bisexual means, go to LGBTIQ.